Describe the preparation of potassium permanganate. State its physical properties,structure,and uses. Discuss its chemical properties and provide chemical reactions demonstrating the oxidizing character of $KMnO_{4}$.

(A) $(i)$ Laboratory preparation: In a laboratory,$KMnO_{4}$ is prepared by the oxidation of $Mn(II)$ salts by peroxodisulphate.
$2 Mn^{2+} + 5 S_{2}O_{8}^{2-} + 8 H_{2}O \rightarrow 2 MnO_{4}^{-} + 10 SO_{4}^{2-} + 16 H^{+}$
$(ii)$ Commercial preparation:
Step-$1$: Conversion of $MnO_{2}$ to potassium manganate. $A$ dark green coloured potassium manganate $(K_{2}MnO_{4})$ is obtained when $MnO_{2}$ is fused with an alkali metal hydroxide in the presence of an oxidizing agent such as $KNO_{3}$.
$2 MnO_{2} + 4 KOH + O_{2} \rightarrow 2 K_{2}MnO_{4} \text{ (Green)} + 2 H_{2}O$
Step-$2$: Conversion of $K_{2}MnO_{4}$ to $KMnO_{4}$.
$(a)$ Potassium manganate disproportionates in a neutral or acidic medium to give potassium permanganate.
$3 MnO_{4}^{2-} + 4 H^{+} \rightarrow 2 MnO_{4}^{-} + MnO_{2} + 2 H_{2}O$
$(b)$ Electrolytic method: This is the modern method of conversion. $MnO_{4}^{2-}$ is oxidized to $MnO_{4}^{-}$ at the anode.
Anode: $MnO_{4}^{2-} \rightarrow MnO_{4}^{-} \text{ (Purple)} + e^{-}$
Physical properties: Potassium permanganate forms dark purple crystals which are isostructural with $KClO_{4}$. It is not very soluble in water $[6.4 \ g / 100 \ g$ of water at $293 \ K]$. It is diamagnetic and has an intense colour.
Structure: The $MnO_{4}^{-}$ ion is tetrahedral. The $\pi$-bonding occurs by the overlapping of $p$-orbitals of oxygen with $d$-orbitals of manganese,resulting in $d\pi-p\pi$ bonding.
Uses: It is used as an oxidizing agent in organic chemistry,for bleaching of fibres,decolourisation of oils,and as a disinfectant.
Chemical properties: Decomposition at $513 \ K$ gives $K_{2}MnO_{4}$. $2 KMnO_{4} \rightarrow K_{2}MnO_{4} + MnO_{2} + O_{2}$.
Oxidizing character in acidic medium:
$(i) 5 Fe^{2+} + MnO_{4}^{-} + 8 H^{+} \rightarrow Mn^{2+} + 4 H_{2}O + 5 Fe^{3+}$
$(ii) 5 C_{2}O_{4}^{2-} + 2 MnO_{4}^{-} + 16 H^{+} \rightarrow 2 Mn^{2+} + 8 H_{2}O + 10 CO_{2}$